A rail vehicle does not start, brake, or shunt as one rigid body. Longitudinal impulses move through the train when…
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A damper does not usually fail because the steel housing is weak. In rail vehicles, bridge structures, heavy machinery, and…
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A damping system usually fails at the medium first, not the steel housing. Hydraulic dampers lose reliability when seals age,…
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The draft gear (buffer) is a critical component of rail transit vehicles. Its function is to mitigate longitudinal impulses and…
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